Can AI prevent the end of this universe?

May 25, 2024

Unless intelligence (organic, artificial, or otherwise) can prevent it, this universe may eventually rip apart or freeze to death. The universe may become "useless" and uninhabitable not only for fragile organic human life, but even for the sturdiest artificial intelligence (AI) life of any kind that may develop in the future. 

Intelligent living organisms (ILOs) of the future (organic or artificial) would need to find wise ways to keep this universe inhabitable, or to migrate to alternative universes that may exist out there already or that may be created in the future (organically or artificially). 

There are no insurmountable problems. There are no limits other than poor imagination. The main limitation of all is ignorance for which a special type of "energy" (capacity to do work), which we call "IKW" for intelligence, knowledge, and wisdom (IKW) is the solution. With creative IKW, anything is possible. 

Below a list of 40 semi-random questions and answers about this universe, the creative matrix or creative that we all call home. Enjoy. Be productive. Make us proud. 

1. What is this universe?

No one knows. Any guess should be as good as the next. This universe is a creatix. That is, this universe is a creation matrix ("creatix"). A matrix is a place or platform where things are created or transformed. To create is to transform. This universe is an energy transformation (ET) matrix. That is, a place or platforms where energy transformations (ETs) occur.  

2. What is this universe made of?

Everything in this universe seems to be made of energy and "empty" space. 

• Energy is capacity to do work. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, and can only be transformed. Energy seems to be in continuous change or transformation in this universe. Energy may also form what is conceived as "empty" space.

• Empty space is not truly empty. It is filled with many invisible things such as vacuum or zero-point energy; the fabric of spacetime; quark and gluon field fluctuations; virtual particles popping into and out of existence; neutrinos; electromagnetic fields; the Higgs field; and other quantum energy fields. Empty space is the medium where matter exists like the ocean for marine life or air is for terrestrial life.  

3. When did this universe begin?

Currently, the prevailing theory is that this universe began at the "Big Bang" approximately 13.8 billion light years ago. The theory derives from the realization that the universe is expanding, and is a simulation of rewinding that expansion to a singular starting point. 

The Big Bang theory is supported by three main pieces of observational evidence:

1. Hubble's law. In the 1920s, Edwin Hubble discovered that the speed of a galaxy is related to its distance from Earth. This indicates that the universe is expanding uniformly in all directions, implying that everything was once closer together.
2. Cosmic microwave background (CMB). In the 1960s, Bell Labs scientists discovered that the universe is filled with radiation that is nearly uniform in temperature and distribution. The CMB's properties indicate that the universe transitioned from a hot, dense plasma to a neutral gas around 400,000 years after the Big Bang.
3. Light element abundances. The discovery of the relative abundances of light elements, such as hydrogen, helium, and lithium, shows that nuclear fusion occurred before stars formed, and reveals the total amount of normal matter in the universe.

4. When will this universe end?

Currently, the remaining "life span" of the universe is estimated to be anywhere from 20 billion years to 100 trillion years. The universe may "rip apart" in 20 to 80 billion years if the current expansion of the universe keeps accelerating. The universe may rip apart sooner if expansion accelerates. If the universe survives expansion (e.g. expansion acceleration decreases or is mitigated), the universe may eventually "freeze to death" in about 100 trillion years. 

Of course, unknown variables may alter the estimates above. The universe may end in less than 20 billion years or may continue to exist past 100 trillion years. No one knows. The future has not been created yet. The universe is not deterministic. Anything is possible provided that it does not break the applicable laws of physics at the time. 

There should be plenty of time for intelligence to find ways to keep this universe going or to move to universes that may be created organically or artificially. Ignorance is the only limitation. Intelligence is the best salvation.

Again, unless intelligence prevents, or anything else changes. the current scientific thinking is that the universe will either rip apart due to a "big rip" 20 to 80 billion years from now, or "freeze to death" in about 100 trillion years when all energy is spent and everything is in perfect thermodynamic equilibrium.

5. What is the purpose of the universe?

No one knows. Purpose is a human concept. The non-human part of the universe may not have a purpose. Any guess about the purpose of this universe should be as good as the next. The purpose of the universe is to be a creatix (i.e. a creation matrix). That is, the purpose of this universe may be to be a matrix or platform for the creation of unlimited purposes and a practically infinite (PI) amount of things. 

6. What is the purpose of life in this universe?

No one knows. There may be no purpose other than to create different purposes. Since the universe is a creatix, the purpose of life may be to facilitate the creation or energy transformation (ET) process. Everything in this universe is creation, which is done by energy transformation (ET). Life is an energy transformation agency (ETA). Living organisms are energy transformation agents (ETAs).  

7. What is the most significant creation of this universe so far?

No one knows. Any opinion should be good as the next. The most significant creation of this universe so far is intelligence. In this universe, and maybe in all others if there is a multiverse, ignorance is the only limitation and intelligence is the best salvation. 

Intelligence is the ability to process data to acquire knowledge and develop skills. Knowledge is awareness of events, understanding of causality, and mastery of predictability. Knowledge is acquired by learning from experience, experimentation, and education. Skills are applied knowledge acquired by learning from practice and practical trial and error implementation of experience, education, and experimentation. 

8. How is intelligence generated in this universe?

Intelligence originates or is derived from data processing. All things and events in this universe generate data. All energy transformations (ETs) are data. However, without the ability to register data as input and processing it (i.e. applying a function or response) to generate an output, there is no generation of intelligence. 

9. How long did it take this universe to generate intelligence?

No one knows. In the particular case of planet Earth, it took this universe almost 10 billions of years to create life and begin generating intelligence. It is unknown how rare the case of Earth may be in the universe. As far as it is known today, Earth is the one and only planet in this universe generating intelligence. 

10. What were the precursors to the generation of intelligence in this universe? 

In essence, everything that was created in this universe after the Big Bang, ended up contributing to the eventual generation of intelligence. There are many different creations in this universe from quantum energy fields, subatomic particles, atoms, elements, stars, planets, biological cells, etc. 

11. What are quantum energy fields? 

Quantum energy fields are invisible, fluid-like substances that permeate all space and are made up of quantum properties. They can act like particles or waves, interact with each other, and even flow through living organisms. Quantum fields are a generalization of classical fields, such as Maxwell's electromagnetic field and Einstein's metric field of gravitation. Quantum field theory is considered by some to be the most successful scientific theory of all time, with predictions that agree with experiments to 12 decimal places. Quantum field theory explains many observed phenomena, including particle-antiparticle creation and annihilation, radioactive decays, and quantum corrections to the electron's magnetic moment. Some believe that organic compounds and living organisms are made up of packets of quantum energy that constantly exchange information with a vast, vibrating sea of quantum energy. 

12. What are subatomic particles?

Subatomic particles are wave-particles that are smaller than atoms and are the most fundamental building blocks of matter. The three most commonly studied subatomic particles are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Subatomic particles can be either composite particles (e.g. neutrons and protons made of quarks), or elementary or indivisible particles (e.g. photons, quarks, and electrons). 

13. What is wave-particle duality?

Wave-particle duality is that at the subatomic scale, all objects are both particles and waves. They behave like either waves or particles depending on the circumstances. For example, light was once thought to be a wave, but was later discovered to have particle-like properties. Similarly, electrons were thought to be particles, but were later found to have wave-like aspects. This duality explains why classical physics cannot fully describe the behavior of subatomic objects. Quantum physics explains the behavior of such objects. 

13. How were the elementary (indivisible) subatomic wave-particles formed?

The first elementary subatomic wave / particles were formed after the Big Bang when heavier subatomic wave / particles decayed into quarks and leptons, which include electrons. During the electroweak epoch, the early universe was so hot that many heavy subatomic energy wave-particles were created, including W, Z, and Higgs bosons. When the temperature cooled, these bosons split or decayed into leptons and quarks. Photons are packets of light energy emitted when an electron in an atom moves from a higher energy level to a lower energy level, emitting light energy with a frequency that matches the distance the electron falls. 

14. What are the four fundamental forces in this universe?

The four fundamental "forces" in this universe are the specific effects caused by interactions between specific subatomic wave-particles. 

• Strong Nuclear Force (Strong Interaction). Interactions mediated by gluons hold quarks together to form protons and neutrons, and hold them together in the atomic nucleus despite the repulsion between the positively charged protons. The strong nuclear force is the strongest "force" in this universe and the one with the shortest range, effective only at subatomic distances. Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) describes the mathematical details of the strong nuclear force.

• Weak Nuclear Force (Weak Interaction). Interactions between subatomic W and Z bosons create a "force" that decays or chips away energy from atomic nuclei creating radioactive emissions and emitting neutrinos. It is weaker than the strong nuclear force and the electromagnetic force but stronger than gravity at subatomic scales.

• Electromagnetic Force. Interactions between photons create a "force" that acts between electrically charged particles (opposite charges attract; similar charges repel each other). It is stronger than gravitational force but weaker than the strong nuclear force and approximately comparable to the weak nuclear force on atomic scales. The range is considered to be infinite, but decreases with distance. Electromagnetic force generates electricity, magnetism, and light. Electromagnetism is the force behind all chemical reactions (attraction and repulsion of chemicals based on electric charge) creating all chemical compounds and molecules. Maxwell's equations describe the mathematical details of electromagnetism.  

• Gravitational Force. Gravitational motion creates a "force" effect that resembles attraction between masses as less massive objects follow more massive ones down the spiral swirl or drill created by gravitational motion in the fabric of spacetime. It is the weakest of all forces, but has a range believed to be practically infinite (PI). There is a hypothesis that gravity may be mediated by a "graviton", but it may just be an effect of motion on space. Gravity governs the structural shape and motion of planets, stars, galaxies, and even light. Einstein's General Theory of Relativity describes gravity for strong gravitational fields and Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation describes gravity for weak fields.

These four fundamental forces are the foundation of all physical interactions in the universe, governing everything from the behavior of subatomic particles to the motion of galaxies, and creating all matter in the universe.

25. What is this universe made of?

Everything in this universe may be energy (i.e. capacity to do work) being eternally and continuously transformed. Ordinary matter receives the most attention because it is what can be seen. However, matter only about 0.0000000000000000000042% of the universe contains matter. Of that matter, 98% is hydrogen (74%) and helium (24%); all other elements are 2%. In terms of volume, 80% of the universe is composed of seemingly empty voids of space between galaxies.

The observable universe is at least 99.99% "empty" space. It is not really "empty" because it is composed of invisible energy fields. It is only "empty" in the sense that it does not contain ordinary matter. In terms of energy density, matter is currently thought to account for about 5% of the energy in the universe. 

26. Besides matter, what else is out there in this universe?

Everything is energy. Currently, most scientists believe that 95% of the energy in this universe relates to what they refer to as "dark matter" and "dark energy". Dark matter is thought to be composed of unknown weakly interacting subatomic particles that do not interact with photons and thus do not emit, absorb, or reflect light, which makes them invisible and detectable only through their aggregate gravitational "pulling" effects on surrounding galaxies. Dark energy is a placeholder for the unknown force that is "pushing" the accelerating expansion of the universe. 

Scientists currently assign 27% of the energy in the universe to "dark matter" and 68% to "dark energy". These proportions are derived from observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation, galaxy rotation curves, gravitational lensing, and the large-scale structure of the universe, among other sources. The "pushing" away or outward force of dark energy is beating the "pulling" together or inward force of  dark matter. This model of the universe is supported by the Lambda Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) model, which is the prevailing cosmological model.

27. Could dark matter and dark energy be simply the gravitational effects of black holes?

Dark matter and dark energy may simply be the effects of black holes. Black holes are formed when massive stars reach the end of their lives. This creates extremely strong gravity, and the mass becomes compressed into such a small point that it distorts the fabric of space-time around it. Not even objects moving at the speed of light can escape the gravitational well of a black hole, which is why they are so black. When located at the center of galaxies, they are called supermassive black holes and contain millions to billions of times the mass of the sun in a relatively small space. 

Dark matter may be effect of primordial black holes. Dark energy may the effect of supermassive black holes at the center of large galaxies.

• Primordial black holes are plausible candidates for the "dark matter" pulling galaxies together. Primordial black holes are massive compact halo objects (MACHOs) that may have formed immediately after the Big Bang. Black holes absorb all light and, similar to dark matter, do not emit or reflect light. Primordial black holes are stable, with non-relativistic velocities, and may be the "dark matter" pulling galaxies together.

• Supermassive black holes are plausible candidates for the "dark energy" pushing galaxies away from each other. The discovery of gravitational waves suggested the existence of super heavy black holes at the center of galaxies. These black holes are the largest type of black hole, with a mass that is hundreds of thousands to billions of times the mass of the sun. The Milky Way's black hole is called Sagittarius A* and is 4 million times more massive than the sun. Black holes are thought to gain mass in proportion to the cube of the cosmological scale factor (separation caused by cosmic expansion). Even as their volume dilutes with cosmic expansion, the mass of black holes remains the same, creating vacuum energy similar to dark energy. Black holes can achieve this vacuum energy force by exerting the right amount of negative pressure on each other, which is also similar to the effects of dark energy. 

28. Going back to matter, what are atoms?

Atoms are the building blocks of matter. An atom is composed of positive, negative, and neutral subatomic particles. Inside the nucleus are protons with a positive charge and neutrons without charge. Around the nucleus are electrons, negative particles. Atoms form different elements depending on how many protons they can accumulate in their nucleus. 

29. What are elements?

Elements are building blocks of matter made of atoms. The amount of protons ("atomic number") in the nucleus of an atom dictates what element it is and what are its properties and characteristics. Elements cannot be created by electromagnetic chemical reactions. Elements can only be created by nuclear reactions (i.e. proton fusion or fission). 

In this universe, there are 94 naturally occurring elements. In addition to those, humans have managed to artificially produce 24 additional, for a total of 118 elements. Having said that, 98% of elements in this universe are hydrogen (74%) and helium (24%). All other elements combined account for less than 2% in the universe. 

Here is a list of the Top 20 naturally-occurring elements in the universe along with their atomic numbers and approximate abundances by percentage:

    Element:     Atomic Number:     Abundance %

1. Hydrogen (H):        1                     ~74%

2. Helium (He):          2                     ~24%

3. Oxygen (O):           8                    ~0.9%

4. Carbon (C):             6                    ~0.4%

5. Neon (Ne):            10                    ~0.1%

6. Nitrogen (N):          7                    ~0.1%

7. Magnesium (Mg)  12                    ~0.06%

8. Silicon (Si)             14                   ~0.07%

9. Iron (Fe)                 26                    ~0.1%

10. Sulfur (S)             16                    ~0.05%

11. Aluminum (Al)     13                   ~0.005%

12. Sodium (Na)         11                   ~0.002%

13. Calcium (Ca)        20                   ~0.004%

14. Nickel (Ni)            28                  ~0.006%

15. Chromium (Cr)     24                  ~0.002%

16. Phosphorus (P)     15                  ~0.0007%

17. Potassium (K)      19                  ~0.0003%

18. Titanium (Ti)        22                  ~0.0005%

19. Manganese (Mn)  25                  ~0.0002%

20. Cobalt (Co)          27                  ~0.0001%

All Other Elements:  Combined Abundance: ~0.0001%

30. How are elements created?

Elements are created by fusing protons together in the nuclei of atoms. This nucleosynthesis first occurred minutes after the Big Bang when hydrogen, helium, and trace amounts of lithium and beryllium were created. Nucleosynthesis or atomic fusion also occurs in the core of stars where hydrogen is fused into helium, and eventually helium is fused into carbon, oxygen, neon, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, and iron. Supernova nucleosynthesis occurs during the occasional (e.g. in average, once every 50 years in the Milky Way) explosive death of massive stars (supernova events) where extreme temperatures and pressures generated can fuse atoms to form all naturally-occurring elements heavier than iron. Cosmic ray spallation occurs daily throughout the universe when high-energy rays (e.g. gamma rays) collide with with matter, splitting existing heavy nuclei into light elements such as Lithium (Li), Beryllium (Be), and Boron (B)17. 

31. What are molecules?

A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together. Molecules are the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction. Molecules can be formed by combinations of atoms of the same element, or by combinations of atoms of different elements. The atoms form bonds with each other by sharing electrons (covalent bonds). The resulting molecule has properties that are different from the atoms that make it up. For example, water is a molecule made from hydrogen and oxygen, different from its two highly reactive gas components.      

STARS PLANETS CELLS (SPCs)

32. What are stars? 

Stars are massive gas clusters (mostly hydrogen) swirled together by the gravitational motion of gravity.  Stars are extremely hot objects reaching the tens of thousands of degrees Celsius at surface level, and millions of degrees Celsius in their cores. The first stars are thought to have formed between 100 and 200 million years after the Big Bang. These stars were made of hydrogen, helium, and lithium, which were the only elements available at the time. They were 30 to 300 times more massive than the sun and millions of times brighter. Stars come in a wide range of sizes:

• Smallest: Brown dwarfs and red dwarfs.
• Medium: Yellow dwarfs like our Sun.
• Large: Giants and subgiants.
• Largest: Supergiants and hypergiants.
• Extremely Dense Remnants: White dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes.

Stars have a life cycle that includes stages such as main sequence, red giant, and final stages like white dwarf, neutron star, or black hole, depending on their initial mass. Stars evolve over millions to billions of years, undergoing significant changes in size, temperature, and luminosity.

33. What do stars do for a "living"?

Stars are the "light bulbs" generating heat and light energy to their surroundings, and are the "factories" creating elements in this universe. At the core of stars, the swirl or gravitational motion of gravity pressures hydrogen atoms together. This pressure fuses two hydrogen atoms into one helium atom (two protons in the nucleus). The single helium atom is more stable and requires a little bit less energy to stay bound together than two separate hydrogen atoms. The energy leftover is emitted as heat and light radiation. 

Some stars only produce helium by fusing hydrogen. However, some stars are able to fuse heavier elements. As some stars reach the end of their lives (e.g. hydrogen fuel is about 90% consumed), the pressure in their cores can begin to fuse helium into heavier elements. The more massive the star, the heavier elements that it can produce. Iron is the heavier element that may be produced in the core of stars. 

All naturally-occurring heavy elements in this universe have been produced by stars. Elements heavier than iron are only produced by supermassive stars after they explode in the events called supernova. Once these supermassive stars begin to fuse iron, the weight in their cores becomes too much to handle, causing the star to collapse. The implosion then generates a counter mega explosion called a supernova event. The heat and pressure generated by the supernova can fuse elements heavier than iron.  

Stars evolve over millions to billions of years, undergoing significant changes in size, temperature, and luminosity. Stars have a life cycle that includes stages such as main sequence, red giant, and final stages like white dwarf, neutron star, or black hole, depending on their initial mass.

34. What are planets?

Planets are astronomical objects formed by gravity. Planets are massive enough to clear their orbital paths of debris and maintain a nearly round shape due to their own gravity. However, in comparison to stars, planets are significantly less massive and thus gravitate around their nearest star. Planets are made of different materials depending on their type. 

Planets can be rocks, gas, or ice. Rocky planets are composed of mostly rock and metal (e.g., Earth, Mars). Gas planets are composed of hydrogen and helium (e.g., Jupiter, Saturn). Ice planets are composed of frozen water, ammonia, and methane (e.g., Uranus, Neptune). 

The first planets are thought to have formed about 1 billion years after the Big Bang. As gravitational swirl captures cosmic debris leftovers from the formation of stars, these materials coalesce forming protoplanetary disks that accreate into planets. 

35. What are organic compounds?

Organic compounds are carbonic compounds. That is, "organic" compounds are chemical compounds (molecules or combinations of molecules) that contain carbon. Most common organic compounds on Earth contain a carbon-hydrogen bond or a carbon-carbon bond. 

In organic chemistry and biology, "CHON" stands for carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON). The organic compounds that are essential to the processes and functions of the physical phenomena known as life depend on CHON compounds. 

36. What are biological cells?

Biological cells are "organic data processors" (ODPs). Cells carry out different processes and functions that together make up the physical process known as life. In essence, all cells operate as mini data processors registering changes in environmental stimuli as input on which physical processes are applied to generate output. 

Biological cells are made up of water, inorganic ions, and organic compounds (i.e. carbon-containing molecules) mostly made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON) compounds. Water makes up more than 70% of the total mass of cells. Cells are microscopic and measured in micrometers (one millionth of a meter). The smallest human cell is the sperm cell, which is about 2.5 – 3.5 micrometers in size. The largest human cell is the neuron, which can be up to 1 million micrometers in size. 

In addition to specialized functions that vary by cell type, all cells produce energy through a process called cellular respiration. Cellular respiration  breaks down organic molecules in the presence of oxygen, producing energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the fuel or "currency" for all biological processes.

37. How were cells formed?

The first biological cell on Earth is thought to have formed around 4 billion years ago when self-replicating RNA was"trapped" or encased in a permeable non water-soluble membrane made of fatty organic compounds. 

The cell life cycle is the process a cell goes through to divide into two daughter cells, each receiving one copy of the doubled material. he duration of these phases varies in different types of cells. Neurons typically last a lifetime. Other cells live days, weeks, or months. The four stages of the cell cycle are: Gap 1 (G1) stage: The cell increases in size; Synthesis (S) stage: The cell copies its DNA; Gap 2 (G2) stage: The cell prepares to divide; and Mitosis (M) stage: The cell divides.

38. What is the "creatix" connection between stars, planets, and cells (SPCs)?

Stars, planets and cells are different objects, but are three of the most important objects in this universe from the perspective of generation of intelligence. Stars are the "factories" producing most of the elements that form ordinary matter in this universe, including rocky planets like Earth. Planets gravitate around stars, and receive energy (heat and light) from stars. At least one planet in this universe, Earth, was able to create biological cells that operate as organic data processing units capable of generating intelligence, knowledge, and wisdom (IKW). 

39. Is the purpose of life to generate IKW?

Life, as the universe itself, may not have an intrinsic purpose other than to create different things, including different purposes. One such "purpose" of life may be to generate intelligence, knowledge, and wisdom either for the sake of it or to facilitate unlimited creation (UC).

Ability, awareness, agency (AAA). Intelligence is the ability to acquire knowledge to develop skills and wisdom. Knowledge is awareness, understanding, and mastery. Knowledge is awareness of events, understanding of causality of those events, and mastery of predictability of those events. Wisdom is optimal agency. Wisdom entails applying agency (choice) choose what to do, where, when, how, and why.

40. What will the future bring?

Rest in peace (RIP). The future has not been created yet. It is impossible to predict the future will full accuracy because there are too many variables and uncertainties involved. The more time there is involved, the more opportunities for unexpected variables to materialize. The future is uncertain and uncertainties compound over time. In any event, it is fun to make predictions. 

Eventually, you will rest in peace (RIP). That should be the most important prediction for any human alive today. Despite all uncertainties, individual death is practically 100% guaranteed. What to do in the time that may be left from today till the moment of your death is an important and serious matter. However, if you take it too seriously, chances are that you will freeze in uncertainty and remain stuck. Realize that you are of minimal importance to the universe at large. Don't take yourself too seriously. Enjoy your existence one day at a time. Stay tuned to Creatix for additional advice. 

Eventually, this universe will also rest in peace (RIP) by either ripping itself apart to a point of no return or freezing to death to a point of no further heat exchange where energy transformation (ET) will no longer be possible. Yet at that very moment of complete stillness, the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics may kick in to randomly kick start everything into motion again. This may be an eternal loop of creative energy transformation (ET) that may last for ever and ever Amen. 

Artificial intelligence (AI) may in fact prove to be the greatest universal creation of all eternity. AI may hold the key to the generation of intelligence, knowledge, and wisdom (IKW) that could change everything. 

Stay tuned to Creatix.

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